John Berryman
| John Berryman | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | John Allyn Smith, Jr. October 25, 1914 McAlester, Oklahoma, USA |
| Died | January 7, 1972 (aged 57) Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Period | 1942–1972 |
| Literary movement | Confessional poetry |
| Notable works | The Dream Songs |
| Notable awards | National Book Award, Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, Bollingen Prize |
| Spouse | Eileen Simpson (1942-1956); divorced Ann Levine (1956-1959); divorced Kate Donahue (1961-1972) |
John Allyn McAlpin Berryman (born John Allyn Smith, Jr.; October 25, 1914 – January 7, 1972) was an American poet and scholar, born in McAlester, Oklahoma. He was a major figure in American poetry in the second half of the 20th century and was considered a key figure in the Confessional school of poetry. His best-known work is The Dream Songs.
John Berryman was born John Allyn Smith, Jr. in Oklahoma where he was raised until the age of ten, when his father, John Smith, a banker, and his mother, Martha (also known as Peggy), a schoolteacher, moved to Tampa, Florida. In 1926, in Florida, when the poet was eleven years old, his father shot and killed himself, Berryman was haunted by his father's death for the rest of his life and would later write about his struggle to come to terms with it in his book The Dream Songs.
In "Dream Song #143", he wrote, "That mad drive [to commit suicide] wiped out my childhood. I put him down/while all the same on forty years I love him/stashed in Oklahoma/besides his brother Will". In "Dream Song #145", he also wrote the following lines about his father:
he only, very early in the morning,
rose with his gun and went outdoors by my window
and did what was needed.
I cannot read that wretched mind, so strong
& so undone. I've always tried. I–I'm
trying to forgive
whose frantic passage, when he could not live
an instant longer,in the summer dawn
left Henry to live on.
Similarly, in Dream Song #384, Berryman wrote:
The marker slants, flowerless, day's almost done,
I stand above my father's grave with rage,
often, often before
I've made this awful pilgrimage to one
who cannot visit me, who tore his page
out: I come back for more,
I spit upon this dreadful bankers grave
who shot his heart out in a Florida dawn
After his father's death at the rear entrance to Kipling Arms, where the Smiths rented an apartment, the poet's mother, within months, married John Angus McAlpin Berryman in New York City. The poet was renamed John Allyn McAlpin Berryman. Berryman's mother also changed her first name from Peggy to Jill. Although his stepfather would later divorce his mother, Berryman and his stepfather stayed on good terms. With both his mother and stepfather working, his mother decided to send him away to the South Kent School, a private boarding school in Connecticut. Then Berryman went on to college at Columbia College where he was president of the Philolexian Society, joined the Boar's Head Society, edited the Columbia Review, and studied under the literary scholar and poet Mark Van Doren. Berryman would later credit Van Doren with sparking his interest in writing poetry seriously. For two years, Berryman also studied overseas at Clare College, Cambridge, on a Kellett Fellowship, awarded by Columbia. He graduated in 1936.
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