John Albion Andrew
| John Albion Andrew | |
|---|---|
Carte de visite portrait of Andrew, by J. W. Black, Boston
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| 25th Governor of Massachusetts | |
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In office January 3, 1861 – January 4, 1866 |
|
| Lieutenant |
John Z. Goodrich John Nesmith Joel Hayden |
| Preceded by | Nathaniel P. Banks |
| Succeeded by | Alexander H. Bullock |
| Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
May 31, 1818 Windham, Maine |
| Died | October 30, 1867 (aged 49) Boston, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Eliza Jane Hersey |
| Children | John F. Andrew |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature |  |
John Albion Andrew (May 31, 1818 – October 30, 1867) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. He was elected in 1860 as the 25th Governor of Massachusetts, serving between 1861 and 1866, and led the state's contributions to the Union cause during the American Civil War. He was a guiding force behind the creation of some of the first African-American units in the United States Army, including the 54th Massachusetts Infantry.
Educated at Bowdoin College, Andrew was a radical abolitionist from an early age, engaged in the legal defense of fugitive slaves against owners seeking their return. He provided legal support to John Brown after his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, raising his profile and propelling him to the Massachusetts governor's chair. Andrew was a persistent voice criticizing Abraham Lincoln's conduct of the war, and pressing him to end slavery. By the end of the war his politics had moderated, and he came to support Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction agenda.
In Massachusetts, Andrew opposed the Know Nothing movement and the state's strict alcohol prohibition laws, and oversaw the state takeover of the Hoosac Tunnel construction project. In 1865 he signed legislation establishing the Massachusetts State Police, the first statewide police force of its type in the nation. He died of apoplexy at the age of 49.
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