Johann F. Eschscholtz
| Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz | |
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| Born | November 1, 1793 |
| Died | May 19, 1831 (aged 37) |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire |
| Nationality | Baltic German |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Eschsch. |
Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz (Russian: Иоганн Фридрих фон Эшшольц; November 12 [O.S. November 1] 1793 – May 19 [O.S. May 7] 1831) was a Baltic German physician, botanist, zoologist and entomologist.
Eschscholtz was born in Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia in the Russian Empire. He studied medicine at the Imperial University of Dorpat, and spent his main career there as well: extraordinary professor of anatomy (1819), director of the zoological cabinet (1822), and professor of anatomy (1828).
From 1815-1818 Eschscholtz was a physician and naturalist on the Russian circumnavigational expeditionary ship Rurik (Russian: Рюрик) under the command of Otto von Kotzebue. He collected specimens in Brazil, Chile, California, the Pacific Islands, and on either side of the Bering Strait, Kamchatka, and the Aleutian Islands. One of the other naturalists was the botanist Adelbert von Chamisso, who took over Eschscholtz's specimens, excepting insects on completion of the voyage. The two were close friends and Chamisso named the California poppy Eschscholzia californica in his honour. The results of the trip were published in the Berlin journal Entomographien in 1822.
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