Johann Bernoulli
| Johann Bernoulli | |
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Johann Bernoulli (portrait by Johann Rudolf Huber, circa 1740)
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| Born |
6 August 1667 Basel, Switzerland |
| Died | 1 January 1748 (aged 80) Basel, Switzerland |
| Residence | Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions |
University of Groningen University of Basel |
| Alma mater |
University of Basel (M.D., 1694) |
| Thesis | Dissertatio de effervescentia et fermentatione; Dissertatio Inauguralis Physico-Anatomica de Motu Musculorum (On the Mechanics of Effervescence and Fermentation and on the Mechanics of the Movement of the Muscles) (1694 (1690)) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jacob Bernoulli |
| Other academic advisors | Nikolaus Eglinger |
| Doctoral students |
Daniel Bernoulli Leonhard Euler Johann Samuel König Pierre Louis Maupertuis |
| Other notable students | Guillaume de l'Hôpital |
| Known for | Development of infinitesimal calculus Catenary solution Bernoulli's rule Bernoulli's identity |
| Notes | |
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Brother of Jacob Bernoulli, and the father of Daniel Bernoulli.
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Johann Bernoulli (also known as Jean or John; 6 August [O.S. 27 July] 1667 – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus and educating Leonhard Euler in the pupil's youth.
Johann was born in Basel, the son of Nicolaus Bernoulli, an apothecary, and his wife, Margaretha Schonauer and began studying medicine at Basel University. His father desired that he study business so that he might take over the family spice trade, but Johann Bernoulli did not like business and convinced his father to allow him to study medicine instead. However, Johann Bernoulli did not enjoy medicine either and began studying mathematics on the side with his older brother Jacob. Throughout Johann Bernoulli’s education at Basel University the Bernoulli brothers worked together spending much of their time studying the newly discovered infinitesimal calculus. They were among the first mathematicians to not only study and understand calculus but to apply it to various problems.
After graduating from Basel University Johann Bernoulli moved to teach differential equations. Later, in 1694, he married Dorothea Falkner and soon after accepted a position as the professor of mathematics at the University of Groningen. At the request of Johann Bernoulli’s father-in-law, Johann Bernoulli began the voyage back to his home town of Basel in 1705. Just after setting out on the journey he learned of his brother’s death to tuberculosis. Johann Bernoulli had planned on becoming the professor of Greek at Basel University upon returning but instead was able to take over as professor of mathematics, his older brother’s former position. As a student of Leibniz’s calculus, Johann Bernoulli sided with him in 1713 in the Newton–Leibniz debate over who deserved credit for the discovery of calculus. Johann Bernoulli defended Leibniz by showing that he had solved certain problems with his methods that Newton had failed to solve. Johann Bernoulli also promoted Descartes’ vortex theory over Newton’s theory of gravitation. This ultimately delayed acceptance of Newton’s theory in continental Europe.
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