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Johan Willem Friso of Orange-Nassau

John William Friso
Louis Volders 001.jpg
John William Friso, Prince of Orange (1710)
by Louis Volders
Prince of Orange
Period 19 March 1702 – 14 July 1711
Predecessor William III
Successor William IV
Prince of Nassau-Dietz
Reign 25 March 1696 – ca. 1702
Predecessor Henry Casimir II
Prince of Orange-Nassau
Reign ca. 1702 – 14 July 1711
Successor William IV
Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen
Reign 25 March 1696 – 14 July 1711
Predecessor Henry Casimir II
Successor William IV
Born 14 August 1687
Dessau, Anhalt
Died 14 July 1711(1711-07-14) (aged 23)
Hollands Diep, between Dordrecht and Moerdijk
Spouse Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
Issue Amalia of Nassau-Dietz
William IV, Prince of Orange
House Orange-Nassau
Father Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz
Mother Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau

John William Friso, Prince of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Johan Willem Friso van Oranje-Nassau; 14 August 1687 – 14 July 1711) became the titular Prince of Orange in 1702. He was stadtholder of Friesland until his death by drowning in the Hollands Diep in 1711. Friso and his wife, Marie Louise, are ancestors of all European monarchs occupying the throne today.

He was the son of Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, and Princess Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau who were both first cousins of William III. As such, he was a member of the House of Nassau, and through the testamentary dispositions of William III became the progenitor of the new line of the House of Orange-Nassau.

With the death of William III, Prince of Orange, the legitimate male line of William the Silent (the second House of Orange) became extinct. John William Friso, the senior agnatic descendant of William the Silent's brother and a cognatic descendant of Frederick Henry, grandfather of William III, claimed the succession as stadtholder in all provinces held by William III. This was denied to him by the republican faction in the Netherlands.

The five provinces over which William III ruled – Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel – all suspended the office of Stadtholder after William III's death. The remaining two provinces – Friesland and Groningen – were never governed by William III, and continued to retain a separate Stadtholder, John William Friso. He established the third House of Orange, which became extinct in the male line in 1890. His son William IV, Prince of Orange, however, later became stadtholder of all seven provinces.


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