Jodhpur Group – Malani Igneous Suite Contact
Coordinates: 26°17′N 73°01′E / 26.28°N 73.02°E
Jodhpur Group-Malani Igneous Suite Contact is a geological feature representing the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian Subcontinent at the foot of the picturesque Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur city, the second largest city in Rajasthan after Jaipur.
The uniqueness of the geological feature at Jodhpur prompted the Geological Survey of India (GSI) to declare the site as a National Geological Monument.
Malani was the name of a district in the former state of Marwar (Jodhpur) where volcanic rocks were found and thus named as Malani beds (1877). This name underwent several changes over the years, known as Malani Volcanics Series (1902), Malani System (1933), the Malani Granite and Volcanic Suite(1968). Finally, the complete magmatic sequence has been named as the Malani Igneous Suite. The igneous suite marks the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian subcontinent.
Malani Igneous Suite, an integral component of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, extends at the periphery of the desert, to an area of 44,500 square kilometres (17,182 sq mi) covering parts of Pali, Sirohi, Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore and Siwana districts of western Rajasthan. In particular, a rhyolite rock exposure in a hillock of 120 metres (394 ft) height, originally called the "Mountain of Birds", forms the foundation for the imposing Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur. The climate here is of extreme desert condition of scorching summer with hot dry winds and arid conditions. The winters are quite chilly. The rainfall is scanty and occurs during late June to September. The average rainfall is reported to be 360 millimetres (36 cm); extremely variable with a minimum recorded of 24 millimetres (2 cm) during the famine year of 1899 and a maximum of 1,178 millimetres (118 cm) during the floods of 1917.
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