João I of Portugal
| John I | |
|---|---|
_-_Lissabon_Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga_19-10-2010_16-12-61.jpg)
Portrait painted c. 1435
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| King of Portugal and the Algarve | |
| Reign | 6 April 1385 – 14 August 1433 |
| Acclamation | 6 April 1385 |
| Predecessor | Ferdinand I |
| Successor | Edward |
| Born |
11 April 1357 Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died | 14 August 1433 (aged 76) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Burial | Batalha Monastery |
| Spouse | Philippa of Lancaster |
| Issue among others... |
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| House | Aviz |
| Father | Peter I of Portugal |
| Mother | Teresa Lourenço |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
John I (Portuguese: João,[ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433) was King of Portugal and the Algarve in 1385–1433. He was referred to as "the Good" (sometimes "the Great") or "of Happy Memory" in Portugal. More rarely, and especially in Spain, he was sometimes referred to as "the Bastard." He is recognized chiefly for his role in preserving the independence of the kingdom of Portugal from the kingdom of Castile. As part of his efforts to acquire Portuguese territories in Africa, he became the first king of Portugal to use the title "Lord of Ceuta."
John was born in Lisbon as the natural son of King Peter I of Portugal by a woman named Teresa, who, according to the royal chronicler Fernão Lopes, was a noble Galician. In the 18th century, António Caetano de Sousa found a 16th-century document in the archives of the Torre do Tombo in which she was named as Teresa Lourenço. In 1364, by request of Nuno Freire de Andrade, a Galician Grand Master of the Order of Christ, he was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz.
On the death without a male heir of his half-brother, King Ferdinand I of Portugal, in October 1383, strenuous efforts were made to secure the succession for Princess Beatrice of Portugal, Ferdinand's only daughter. As heiress presumptive, Beatrice had married king John I of Castile, but popular sentiment was against an arrangement in which Portugal would have been virtually annexed by Castile. The 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum followed, a period of political anarchy, when no monarch ruled the country.
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