Jesse Grimes (1788–1866) was a Texas pioneer and politician. Before moving to Texas, he fought in the War of 1812. He was a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. He served as Senator in the Republic of Texas Congress and in the Texas State Legislature. Grimes County was named in his honor.
Grimes was born in what is now Duplin County, North Carolina, on February 6, 1788, to Sampson and Bethsheba Grimes. In the War of 1812, he served in an Infantry Company in the West Tennessee Militia. He married his first wife, Martha Smith, in 1813. The family moved to Washington County, Alabama, in 1817. Martha died during childbirth in 1824. They had nine children. He married Mrs. Rosanna Ward Britton in 1826. They had six children.
Grimes then moved to Stephen F. Austin's second colony (Lake Creek Settlement) on the San Jacinto River in what is now Montgomery County, Texas, in 1826.
On March 21, 1829, Grimes was elected by the ayuntamiento of San Felipe de Austin as first lieutenant of the First Company, Battalion of Austin. He was elected sindico procurador (city attorney) of the Viesca precinct in December 1830 and in December 1831 was elected a regidor (city councilman). On October 5, 1832, he became a member of Viesca district's subcommittee of safety and vigilance. On October 6, he was appointed district treasurer.
During the Republic of Texas period, Jesse Grimes was the first Chief Justice for Montgomery County, in 1838. The following year, he settled on what is now Grimes Prairie in Grimes County.
He represented Washington Municipality as a delegate to the Texas Convention of 1833 and the Texas Consultation of 1835. On November 14, 1835, he was elected to the General Council of the provisional government.