Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux
| Jean Baptiste Camille de Canclaux | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 2 August 1740 Paris |
| Died | 27 December 1817 (aged 77) Paris |
| Allegiance |
 Kingdom of France Kingdom of the French French First Republic First French Empire Kingdom of France
|
| Years of service | 1756–1800 |
| Rank | General of Division |
| Commands held | Army of the Coasts of Brest Army of the West Army of the Reserve, Second Line |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | Knight of Saint-Louis, 1773 |
| Other work | Ministre plénipotentiaire to the court of Naples, 1796–97 Senator, 1800–14 Count of the Empire, 1808 Peer of France, 1815 |
Jean Baptiste Camille de Canclaux (2 August 1740, in Paris – 27 December 1817, in Paris) was a French army commander during the French Revolution and a Peer of France. He joined a cavalry regiment the French Royal Army in 1756 and fought at Minden in the Seven Years' War. He attained the rank of maréchal de camp (brigadier general) in 1788 and lieutenant general in 1792. He commanded the Army of the Coasts of Brest from May until October 1793 fighting several actions during the War in the Vendée. Replaced for political reasons, he led the Army of the West in 1794–1795. He held interior posts during the rest of the French Revolutionary Wars and under the First French Empire of Napoleon.
He entered the École de cavalerie de Besançon, then served as a volunteer in the régiment de Fumel-cavalerie (1756), and was promoted to cornette (1757). In the course of the Seven Years' War, he was involved in the Hanover campaign, rising to captain in 1760 and was demobilized at the peace.
Immediately re-entering the régiment de Conti-dragons, he taught the theory of major cavalry manoeuvres at the École de Besançon and published a book on tactics : Instruction à l'usage du régiment de dragons Conti. He rose to major (1768), mestre de camp (1773) with the rank of colonel, brigadier (1 January 1784) and was promoted to maréchal de camp on 10 March 1788, all the while remaining the commander of his regiment. He was made a knight of Saint Louis in 1773.
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