Jean-Marc Rouillan
| Action directe | |
|---|---|
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| Dates of operation | 1979–1987 |
| Active region(s) | France |
Action directe (AD) was a French revolutionary group which committed a series of assassinations and violent attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. Members of Action directe considered themselves libertarian communist who had formed an "urban guerrilla organization". The French government banned the group.
The leader of Action Directe was named Jean-Marc Rouillan, who was arrested in 1974 then again in 1979 before founding the organisation for conspiracy of being involved in attacks against the Spanish because he was against all efforts by any countries to help France at that time. According to sources, Rouillan was captured again in 1980 but was believed to have successors.
Action Directe was set up in 1977 by two other groups, GARI (Groupes d'Action Révolutionnaire Internationalistes, revolutionary internationalist action groups), and NAPAP (Noyaux Armés pour l'Autonomie Populaire, Armed Core Groups for Popular Autonomy), as the "military-political co-ordination of the autonomous movement". In 1979, it was transformed into an "urban guerrilla organisation" and carried out violent attacks under the banner of "anti-imperialism" and "proletarian defence". The group was banned by the French government in 1984. In August 1985, Action directe allied itself with the German Red Army Faction. Action Directe was founded upon a philosophy, which strived to answer a question that regarded to the effect of violence rather than focusing on what violence was. From what it seems, the group did not want to start out as violent, but only to send a message out on behalf of the public who might have had better ideas that wanted to be shared, but since the ideas and requests were ignored, people banned together and formed this revolutionary group that went from activist to terrorist in a matter of weeks. Even though ”action directe” did not remain in power for long, it still inflicted large amounts of damage and put a pretty good size dent in France. Fear, manipulation and communism were what the group ultimately stood for in the end. Fortunately, the group was taken down by military forces from France and other countries, along with secret Intel. Perhaps a portion of their downfall was a result of a flaw in their own system and a product of a few mistakes made during their duration as a terrorist group.
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