Jan Hope

John Hope (14 February 1737 – 1784), also known as Jan Hope, was a Dutch banker, the son of Thomas Hope and Margaretha Marcelis. A first cousin of Henry Hope, he was father of Thomas Hope, and a follower of the Scottish Enlightenment. He is best known today for his Groenendaal Park in Heemstede, Netherlands, where he summered from 1767 to his death in 1784.

Jan was an only child, born in Amsterdam into the Hope banking family of Rotterdam and Amsterdam. His father had been the personal advisor to the stadtholder William V; his mother was a daughter of the wealthy Amsterdam merchant Jan Marcelis. Originally baptized as Jan in the Mennonite church, he had himself re-baptized John in the Dutch Reformed church at age 26 in order to become socially accepted in the Amsterdam regency.

Unlike his cousin and business partner Henry, Jan wanted to participate in the fashionable Dutch societies that actively propagated the Scottish enlightenment. For this he needed a title and the proper religion. He became a member of the Dutch Society of Science and the Dutch Society of Letters (there he was introduced by no other than the director himself, David Ruhnken), but only after he had married Philippina Barbara van der Hoeven (1738-1790), the daughter of a Rotterdam mayor, in May 1763 and bought the castle Nederhorst den Berg for the title. Jan and Philippina had three sons, Thomas Hope (1769–1831), Adrian Elias (1772-1834), and Henry Philip (1774-1839).

After observing the 'fire engine' on display at Leiden University, he wrote to James Watt and Matthew Boulton and had his own 'fire machine', the first steam engine for a garden, installed on the high wooded grounds of his summer home. The park he purchased and expanded was located on a high sandy ridge of dunes between the Leidsevaart and Harlem Lake. He used the steam engine to pump water into his gardens, which was highly unusual, since most Dutchmen of his day were trying to discover ways of pumping water out of places. The windmill he had previously installed proved unable to provide enough water on windless days for his richly planted garden in the English style. The steam engine was installed in 1781, and worked until well after the French occupation in the 1820s. In 1842 it was broken up, for even as a curiosity it could no longer hold out against the much larger steam boiler of the Cruquius pumping station down the road.

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