Jamestown Canyon virus

Jamestown Canyon virus
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Family:	Bunyaviridae
Genus:	Orthobunyavirus
Species:	Jamestown Canyon virus

Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
Classification and external resources
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Jamestown Canyon virus is an orthobunyavirus of the California serogroup transmitted during the summer by different mosquito species in the United States and Canada. The virus is one of a group of mosquito-borne or arthropod-borne viruses, also called arboviruses, that can cause fever and meningitis or meningoencephalitis, mostly in adults. Jamestown Canyon virus disease is relatively rare; in the United States, the CDC found only 31 disease cases from 2000 to 2013, but it is likely under-recognized and probably endemic throughout most of the United States.

The Jamestown Canyon virus is an orthobunyavirus and was first isolated in 1961 from Culiseta mosquitoes in Jamestown, Colorado. Since then it has been found in Aedes, Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex, Culiseta and Ochlerotatus species in northern states of the mainland US, in various mammals throughout mainland North America, and identified in humans throughout the United States.

The virus is transmitted in saliva to a vertebrate host when an infected mosquito takes a blood meal. It thus cycles between mosquito and vertebrate amplifier hosts, mainly white-tailed deer. In a study from Newfoundland, JCV was significantly associated with large mammals such as sheep, cattle and horses. In Michigan and Ontario moose and bison are believed to be the primary reservoir.

The virus winters in mosquito eggs, which it reaches by transovarial transmission. The female mosquito lays eggs that carry the virus, and the offspring can transmit the virus to deer or ruminants and humans. Infected mosquitoes were found equally distributed throughout the state of Connecticut, irrespective of land use.

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