James Osborne (24 September 1845 – 11 April 1877) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Marshall Mount near Wollongong to Henry Osborne and Sarah Marshall. He was a pastoralist on the Murrumbidgee River before entering politics. In 1869 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Illawarra, a seat his brother Patrick had already represented from 1864 to 1866. James Osborne retired in 1872, and died in Sydney in 1877.