James Macaulay

James Macaulay
Born	1759/69 Glasgow, Scotland
Died	1822 York, Upper Canada
Occupation	Surgeon & landowner
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Tuck Hayter (m.1790) Rachel Crookshank (m.1817)

James Macaulay (September, 1759/69 – January 1, 1822) M.D., J.P. was the Chief Medical Officer of Upper Canada; a landowner and Justice of the Peace for York, Upper Canada

James Macaulay, born in September 1759 or 1769, was the son of Rev. Mr Macaulay of Glasgow. According to Edward Chadwick's Ontarian Families, 1894, the arms of James Macaulay's family "as shown on an old seal, so much worn as to be difficult to decipher, are apparently: Gu, two arrows in saltire arg, surmounted of a fess chequy of the second and first between three buckles or. Crest: A booted spur. Motto: Dulce Periculum". These directly correspond with the arms of the MacAulays of Ardincaple Castle, whose chief was reduced to owning only a few farms by the early 1700s.

James Macaulay gained a commission into the British army as a surgeon's mate in 1779 and was drafted via a Scottish regiment (possibly the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot) to join the Queen's Rangers, with whom he served throughout the American Revolution. In 1785, he transferred to the Duke of Wellington's Regiment and returned with them to England the following year as they took up duty as the King's Guard at Windsor Castle. In 1789, Macaulay's former commanding officer, John Graves Simcoe, recommended him to the post of surgeon to the New South Wales Regiment, but he did not go to Australia. When Simcoe was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in 1791, he began organizing his staff before he set sail and he chose Macaulay to be his chief surgeon in the new Canadian colony. Macaulay accompanied Simcoe to Upper Canada, arriving at the provincial capital, Niagara-on-the-Lake, in 1792.

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