James Gibbons
|
His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons |
|
|---|---|
| Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore | |
 |
|
| See | Baltimore |
| Appointed | May 29, 1877 (coadjutor) |
| Installed | October 3, 1877 |
| Term ended | March 24, 1921 |
| Predecessor | James Roosevelt Bayley |
| Successor | Michael Joseph Curley |
| Other posts | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | June 30, 1861 by Francis Kenrick |
| Consecration | August 15, 1868 by Martin John Spalding |
| Created Cardinal | June 7, 1886 by Leo XIII |
| Rank | Cardinal- Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
July 23, 1834 Baltimore, Maryland |
| Died | March 24, 1921 (aged 86) Baltimore, Maryland |
| Previous post | Bishop of Richmond (1872-77) |
| Motto | Emitte spiritum tuum (Send forth your spirit) |
| Coat of arms |  |
James Gibbons (July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Richmond, Virginia, from 1872 to 1877, and as ninth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland, from 1877 until his death in 1921. Gibbons was elevated to the cardinalate in 1886.
Gibbons was consecrated a bishop in 1868 at the young age of 34. He attended the First Vatican Council, where he voted in favor of defining the dogma of papal infallibility. In 1872 he was named Bishop of Richmond by Pope Pius IX. In 1877, Gibbons was appointed Archbishop of Baltimore, the premier apostolic see in the United States. During his 44 years as Baltimore's archbishop, Gibbons became one of the most recognizable Catholic figures in the country. He defended the rights of labor, and helped convince Pope Leo XIII to give his consent to labor unions. In 1886 he was appointed to the College of Cardinals, becoming only the second person in the history of the United States, after Archbishop John McCloskey of New York, to receive that distinction.
The fourth of six children, James Gibbons was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Thomas and Bridget (née Walsh) Gibbons. His parents were from Tourmackeady, County Mayo, Ireland, and settled in the United States after moving to Canada. After falling ill with tuberculosis in 1839, his father moved the family to his native Ireland, where he believed the air would benefit him. There, Thomas operated a grocery store in Ballinrobe and young James received his early education. His father died in 1847, and his mother returned the family to the United States in 1853, settling in New Orleans, Louisiana.
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