James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Fitz-James
| James FitzJames | |
|---|---|
| Duke of Berwick | |
 |
|
| Born |
21 August 1670 Moulins, Auvergne, France |
| Died | 12 June 1734 (aged 63) Philippsburg, Baden, Holy Roman Empire |
| Noble family | FitzJames |
| Spouse(s) |
Honora de Burgh Anne Bulkeley |
|
Issue
James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
Henry James Fitzjames, 2nd Duke of Fitzjames Henriette de Fitzjames François Fitz-James, 3rd Duke of Fitzjames Henry Fitzjames Charles de Fitzjames, 4th Duke of Fitzjames Laure Anne de Fitzjames Marie Emilie de Fitzjames Edouard de Fitzjames Anne Sophie de Fitzjames Anne de Fitzjames |
|
| Father | James II of England |
| Mother | Arabella Churchill |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick | |
|---|---|
| Born | 21 August 1670 |
| Died | 12 June 1734 |
| Allegiance |
 Stuart-ruled Britain Kingdom of France
|
| Rank | Marshal of France |
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Fitz-James, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough. Berwick was a successful general in the pay of Louis XIV of France.
FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up in France as a Roman Catholic. He was the son of James and his mistress Arabella Churchill, sister of the English captain general and statesman John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. He was educated at the Stuarts' expense in the College of Juilly, the Collège du Plessis, and the Jesuit College of La Flèche. He went into the service of Charles, Duke of Lorraine and was present at the siege of Buda. FitzJames was created Duke of Berwick, Earl of Tinmouth and Baron Bosworth by his father in 1687. He then returned to Hungary and participated at the Battle of Mohács.
Berwick returned to England and was made Governor of Portsmouth. King James made him a Knight of the Garter, and appointed him Colonel of The Blues to replace the Protestant Earl of Oxford. The post had been coveted by his uncle the Earl of Marlborough, but FitzJames was earmarked for command, as Catholics replaced Anglicans.But due to the invasion of the Prince of Orange and the subsequent Glorious Revolution, the installation never took place. Berwick in all conscience could not remain with the Colonel of The Blues' Troop he had served since 1682; he refused to betray his old patronne. Officers were required to answer 'three questions' designed by the king to test their loyalty.
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