Jacob Downing

Jacob Downing (April 1830 – 1907) was a major in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was present at the infamous Sand Creek Massacre as a subordinate of Colonel John Chivington. After the war ended, he played a part in the development of Colorado and in particular the city of Denver.

Jacob Downing was born in Albany, New York in April 1830, the youngest of 11 children of Jacob Downing, Sr. (1785-1858) and Jane (née Winne) Downing. Downing, Sr. was, according to one source the owner of several farms and a successful entrepreneur. The family were Hicksite Quakers, Downing, Sr. being a cousin of Elias Hicks. The younger Downing was schooled at the Albany Academy.

At 14, he went to work as a clerk at the Albany City Bank. In 1850, he was badly injured aboard the steamer Alabama when the boiler burst. He studied law in Chicago and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1858.

Sources disagree as to the reason, but Downing moved to Denver, Colorado, in 1859, during the Colorado Gold Rush, or in 1860. In 1860, he was elected a judge of the municipal court.

When war broke out in 1861, he volunteered and was assigned to the 1st Colorado Infantry. He fought in the Battles of Apache Canyon and Pigeon's Ranch (March 1862), and Peralta (April 1862) in the New Mexico Campaign. Promoted to the rank of major, he was given command of Fort Larned, Kansas in 1862.

In April 1864, Downing came upon a band of Cheyennes camped near Cedar Canyon, 60 miles above the South Platte. Although he only suspected them of stealing cattle and horses, Downing launched an attack that killed an estimated 25 Cheyennes and destroyed their lodges and belongings.

...
Wikipedia