JL-1

Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
JL-1 and JL-2.
Type	SLBM
Service history
Used by	China
Production history
Designer	Huang Weilu
Designed	1970s
Manufacturer	Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
Produced	1980s
Specifications
Weight	14,700 kilograms (32,400 lb)
Length	10.7 metres (35 ft)
Width	1.4 metres (4.6 ft)
Warhead	nuclear
Blast yield	250-500Kt
Propellant	solid fuel
Operational range	1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A)
Guidance system	inertial
Launch platform	Xia class submarine

The Julang-1 (Chinese: 巨浪-1; literally: "Huge Wave-1"), also known as the JL-1 and in US nomenclature as the CSS-N-3, is China's first submarine-launched nuclear ballistic missile. According to a 2011 US Department of Defense, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile is Huang Weilu (Chinese: 黄纬禄) 1916-2011; academician Chen Deren (Chinese: 陈德仁, 1922 - December 21, 2007) served as deputy chief designer. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group Limited Liability Company [南京晨光集团有限责任公司]).

The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarines have 12 launch tubes.

The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.

The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1.