J. Ludwig Mowinckel
| Johan Ludwig Mowinckel | |
|---|---|
Mowinckel in 1924
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| 9th Prime Minister of Norway | |
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In office 3 March 1933 – 20 March 1935 |
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| Monarch | Haakon VII |
| Preceded by | Jens Hundseid |
| Succeeded by | Johan Nygaardsvold |
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In office 15 February 1928 – 21 May 1931 |
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| Monarch | Haakon VII |
| Preceded by | Christopher Hornsrud |
| Succeeded by | Peder Kolstad |
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In office 25 July 1924 – 5 March 1926 |
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| Monarch | Haakon VII |
| Preceded by | Abraham Berge |
| Succeeded by | Ivar Lykke |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 3 March 1933 – 20 March 1935 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Birger Braadland |
| Succeeded by | Halvdan Koht |
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In office 15 February 1928 – 21 May 1931 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Edvard Bull, Sr. |
| Succeeded by | Birger Braadland |
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In office 25 July 1924 – 5 March 1926 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Christian Fredrik Michelet |
| Succeeded by | Ivar Lykke |
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In office 31 May 1922 – 6 March 1923 |
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| Prime Minister | Otto Blehr |
| Preceded by | Arnold Christopher Ræstad |
| Succeeded by | Christian Fredrik Michelet |
| President of the Storting | |
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In office 1916–1918 |
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| Preceded by |
Jørgen Løvland Søren Tobias Årstad Gunnar Knudsen |
| Succeeded by |
Gunnar Knudsen Ivar Lykke Anders Buen Ivar P. Tveiten Otto B. Halvorsen |
| Minister of Industry | |
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In office 1921–1923 |
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| Prime Minister | Otto Blehr |
| Preceded by | Gerdt Henrik Meyer Bruun |
| Succeeded by | Lars Oftedal |
| Mayor of Bergen | |
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In office 1902–1906 |
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| Preceded by | Christian M. Kahrs |
| Succeeded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
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In office 1911–1913 |
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| Preceded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
| Succeeded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
| Member of the Norwegian Parliament | |
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In office 1906–1940 |
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| Constituency | Hordaland |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 October 1870 Bergen, Norway |
| Died | 30 September 1943 (aged 72) New York, United States |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Profession | Ship-owner |
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (22 October 1870 – 30 September 1943) was a Norwegian statesman, shipping magnate and philanthropist. He served as the Prime Minister of Norway during three separate terms.
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel was born in Bergen, Norway. His parents were Johan Anton Wilhelm Mohr Mowinckel (1843–1918) and Edvardine Magdalene Margrethe Müller (1851–71). His father was a merchant and a member of one of Bergen’s old merchant families. He was educated at University of Oslo, graduating in 1889. After graduation, he traveled abroad to Bremen and London to better learn the business of shipping. In 1893 he returned to Bergen and joined the offices of Christian Michelsen. In 1912, he became the founder and principal in the joint-stock shipping company, A/S J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi. He was also involved in founding the Norwegian America Line.
Mowinckel entered public service in Bergen where he became Chairman of the local branch of the Liberal Party (Bergens Venstreforening) . He was elected to the Bergen City Council in 1899 and subsequently mayor of Bergen 1902-1906 and 1911-1913. In 1906, he became Member of Parliament (Storting) for the Liberal party representing Bergen during 1906-1909 and 1913-1918. He became President of the Storting in 1916. He was voted out of office in the 1918 elections. During the period between World War I and 1935 he remained active in national politics. In 1921 Mowinckel was re-elected to the Storting. He served as Minister of Trade in 1921-1922 and Foreign Minister in 1922-1923. Mowinckel was Norway's Prime Minister during three periods in office; 1924-1926, 1928-1931 and 1933-1935. These were all periods dominated by economic and fiscal crisis. In 1930 Mowinckel initiated the Oslo Convention on customs cooperation between Norway, Denmark and the Benelux countries, to prevent higher customs walls.
In 1925 he became a member of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee. Mowinckel took the initiative during the Oslo Convention (Oslokonvensjonen) of 1930 to encourage free trade between the nations of the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union and Nordic countries, anticipating postwar efforts toward the formation of the European Union. He also took an active interest in the League of Nations, serving on the council and becoming President in 1933. He condemned the menace of Nazi philosophy, and when Germany overran Norway in 1940 he followed the Norwegian Government-in-exile to London. In 1942, Johan Ludwig Mowinckel came to the United States and was engaged with Nortraship, the state-owned Norwegian shipping company during World War II. He died on 30 September 1943 in New York City.
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