József Mindszenty
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His Eminence József Mindszenty Servant of God |
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| Archbishop of Esztergom Prince Primate of Hungary |
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József Mindszenty in 1974
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| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Esztergom |
| Metropolis | Archdiocese of Esztergom |
| See | Archdiocese of Esztergom |
| Appointed | 2 October 1945 |
| Term ended | 19 December 1973 |
| Predecessor | Jusztinián György Serédi |
| Successor | László Lékai |
| Other posts | Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 12 June 1915 by János Mikes |
| Consecration | 25 March 1944 by Jusztinián György Serédi |
| Created Cardinal | 18 February 1946 by Pope Pius XII |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | József Pehm |
| Born | 29 March 1892 Csehimindszent, Hungary |
| Died | 6 May 1975 (aged 83) Vienna, Austria |
| Buried | Esztergom Basilica |
| Nationality | Hungarian 
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| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Parents | József Pehm Borbála Kovács |
| Previous post |
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| Motto | Pannonia Sacra |
| Sainthood | |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Title as Saint | Servant of God |
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Styles of József Mindszenty |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| Ordination history of József Mindszenty | |
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Priestly ordination
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| Ordained by | János Mikes (Szombathely) |
| Date of ordination | 12 July 1915 |
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Episcopal consecration
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| Principal consecrator | Jusztinián György Card. Serédi (Esztergom) |
| Co-consecrators |
Lajos Shvoy (Székesfehérvár) Jozsef Pétery (Vác) |
| Date of consecration | 25 March 1944 |
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Cardinalate
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| Date of elevation | 18 February 1946 |
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Bishops consecrated by József Mindszenty as principal consecrator
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| Károly Kolman Papp | 16 June 1946 |
| László Bánáss | 30 November 1946 |
| Ferenc Rogács | 29 June 1948 |
József Mindszenty [jo:ʒɛf mindsɛnti] (29 March 1892 – 6 May 1975) was the Prince Primate, Archbishop of Esztergom, cardinal, and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary from 2 October 1945 to 18 December 1973. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, for five decades "he personified uncompromising opposition to fascism and communism in Hungary". During World War II, he was imprisoned by the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party. After the war, he opposed communism and the communist persecution in his country. As a result, he was tortured and given a life sentence in a 1949 show trial that generated worldwide condemnation, including a United Nations resolution. After eight years in prison, he was freed in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and granted political asylum by the United States embassy in Budapest, where Mindszenty lived for the next fifteen years. He was finally allowed to leave the country in 1971. He died in exile in 1975 in Vienna, Austria.
Mindszenty was born on 29 March 1892 in Csehimindszent, Vas County, Austria-Hungary, to József Pehm and Borbála Kovács. His father was a magistrate. He attended St Norbert's Premonstratensian High Grammar School in Szombathely, before entering the Szombathely Diocesan Seminary in 1911.
Mindszenty was ordained a priest by Bishop János Mikes on 12 June 1915, the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. In 1917, the first of his books, Motherhood, was published. He was arrested by the republican Mihály Károlyi government on 9 February 1919 for speaking out against its 'socialist policies' and then rearrested by the communist Béla Kun government on 31 July.
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Wikipedia