Józef Sandel

Józef Sandel (Yiddish: יוסף סאנדעל; German: Josef Sandel; September 29, 1894, Kolomyia – December 1, 1962, Warsaw) was a Polish-Jewish art historian and critic, an art dealer and collector, and an advocate on behalf of Jewish artists in postwar Poland.

Sandel was born in Kolomea (Kolomyia, Ukraine), then in Galicia, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The son of a cap maker, he attended the Baron Hirsch school and then gymnasium.

Around 1920 he moved to Dresden, Germany, where, in 1925, he co-published a short-lived German-language literary and art magazine, Mob: Zeitschrift der Jungen (Mob: Journal of youths). He subsequently lived in France, Switzerland, and Austria, before returning to Dresden.

From 1929 to 1933 he operated an art gallery in Dresden, called Galerie junge Kunst (Gallery of young art). After the rise of the National Socialist regime in Germany, he moved to Belgrade (then in Yugoslavia), where he opened another gallery and mounted exhibitions, in 1933-1934.

In 1935 he moved to Poland; he spent time in Vilna (Vilnius) and Warsaw, and published articles on art in Yiddish-language periodicals, including Literarishe bleter. At the outbreak of the Second World War he fled to the Soviet Union, and survived the war in Kazakhstan, where he taught German in a middle school.

After the war he returned to Poland and settled in Warsaw, in 1946. There he became the leader of the Jewish Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts (Polish: Żydowskie Towarzystwo Krzewienia Sztuk Pięknych; Yiddish: Yidishe gezelshaft tsu farshpreytn kunst), or ZTKSP, a revival of an organization that had been active in Poland before the war. The Society provided material assistance to Jewish artists, helped to promote their work, and fostered art education for Jewish youth. It mounted some 98 exhibitions in Warsaw, and four exhibitions that were presented throughout Poland – two devoted to the work of individual artists, Rafael Mandelzweig, in 1946, and Lea Grundig, in 1949; and two, in 1948, in honor of the fifth anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, featuring works of Jewish artists who were killed in the Holocaust.

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