Ivermectin

Ivermectin
Clinical data

Trade names	Stromectol, Soolantra cream
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph (antiparasitic) FDA Professional Drug Information (rosacea)
MedlinePlus	a607069
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	by mouth, topical
ATC code	D11AX22 (WHO) P02CF01 (WHO) QP54AA01 (WHO) QS02QA03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	93%
Metabolism	Liver (CYP450)
Biological half-life	18 hours
Excretion	Feces; <1% urine
Identifiers
IUPAC name 22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1a + 22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1b
CAS Number	70288-86-7^Y
PubChem CID	9812710
DrugBank	DB00602^Y
ChemSpider	7988461^Y
UNII	8883YP2R6D
KEGG	D00804^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL341047^N
PDB ligand	IVM (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
ECHA InfoCard	100.067.738
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C 48H 74O 14 (22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1a) C 47H 72O 14 (22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1b)
Molar mass	875.10 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)O[C@@H]1C(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C48H74O14.C47H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38;1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18-34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53-10)43(30(8)56-38)59-37-20-35(52-9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3;11-14,18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15-17,19-23H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+;12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+;25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m00/s1^Y Key:SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?)

Ivermectin is a medication that is effective against many types of parasites. It is used to treat head lice,scabies,river blindness,strongyloidiasis, and lymphatic filariasis, among others. It can be either applied to the skin or taken by mouth. The eyes should be avoided.

Common side effects include red eyes, dry skin, and burning skin. It is unclear if it is safe for use during pregnancy, but is likely acceptable for use during breastfeeding. It is in the avermectin family of medications and works by causing an increase in permeability of cell membrane resulting in paralysis and death of the parasite.

Ivermectin was discovered in 1975 and came into medical use in 1981. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.12 for a course of treatment. In the United States it costs $25–50. In other animals it is used to prevent and treat heartworm among other diseases.

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, traditionally against parasitic worms. It is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis (river blindness), but is also effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, filariasis and enterobiasis), and some epidermal parasitic skin diseases, including scabies.

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