Italian cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi (1899)

Giuseppe Garibaldi underway
History
Regia MarinaItaly
Name:	Giuseppe Garibaldi
Namesake:	General Giuseppe Garibaldi
Builder:	Gio. Ansaldo & C., Genoa-Sestri Ponente
Laid down:	8 June 1898
Launched:	29 June 1899
Completed:	1 January 1901
Fate:	Sunk by U-4, 18 July 1915
General characteristics
Class and type:	Giuseppe Garibaldi-class armored cruiser
Displacement:	7,350 metric tons (7,234 long tons)
Length:	111.8 m (366 ft 10 in)
Beam:	18.2 m (59 ft 9 in)
Draft:	7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
Installed power:	13,500 ihp (10,100 kW) 24 Niclausse boilers
Propulsion:	2 Shafts 2 Vertical triple-expansion steam engines
Speed:	19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)
Range:	5,500 nmi (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement:	555 officers and enlisted men (578 as flagship)
Armament:	1 × single 254 mm (10 in) gun 1 × twin 203 mm (8 in) guns 14 × single 152 mm (6 in) guns 10 × single 76 mm (3 in) guns 6 × single 47 mm (1.9 in) guns 4 × single 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes
Armor:	Belt: 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) Deck: 38 mm (1.5 in) Gun turrets: 150 mm Conning tower: 150 mm Gun shields: 50 mm (2.0 in)

Giuseppe Garibaldi was the lead ship of the her class of armored cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) in the 1890s. The ship often served as a flagship and made several deployments to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant during her career. At the beginning of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 she bombarded Tripoli. Giuseppe Garibaldi bombarded Beirut in early 1912 and sank an Ottoman ironclad there. Several months later she bombarded the defenses of the Dardanelles.

The ship spent several months deployed to Albania after the end of the First Balkan War in 1913 to protect Italian interests there. Giuseppe Garibaldi was sunk by an Austro-Hungarian submarine in the Adriatic Sea shortly after Italy declared war on the Central Powers in 1915 with the loss of 53 crewmen. Her wreck was discovered in 2008 and has been examined by underwater archaeologists in subsequent years.

Giuseppe Garibaldi had an overall length of 111.8 meters (366 ft 10 in), a beam of 18.2 meters (59 ft 9 in) and a deep draft (ship) of 7.3 meters (23 ft 11 in). She displaced 7,350 metric tons (7,230 long tons) at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam from 24 coal-fired Niclausse boilers. The engines were rated 13,500 indicated horsepower (10,100 kW) and designed to give a speed of approximately 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). During her sea trials on 7 September 1900, Giuseppe Garibaldi failed to reach her designed speed, reaching 19.7 knots (36.5 km/h; 22.7 mph) from 14,713 ihp (10,971 kW). She had a cruising range of 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Her complement ordinarily consisted of 555 officers and enlisted men and 578 when acting as a flagship.

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