First Balkan War

Clockwise from top right: Serbian forces entering the town of Mitrovica; Ottoman troops at the Battle of Kumanovo; the Greek king and the Bulgarian tsar in Thessaloniki; Bulgarian heavy artillery

Date	8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913 (7 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)
Location	Balkan Peninsula
Result	Balkan League victory

Belligerents

Ottoman Empire

Balkan League:

Bulgaria (from 1913)

Serbia (from 1913)

Greece

Montenegro

Commanders and leaders

Mehmed V

Enver Pasha

Nazım Pasha,

Zeki Pasha,

Esad Pasha

Kölemen Abdullah Pasha,

Ivan Fichev,

Peter I

Crown Prince Constantine,

Panagiotis Danglis,

Pavlos Kountouriotis

King Nicholas I

Prince Danilo Petrović

Prince Peter

Janko Vukotić

Strength

336,742 men initially, significantly more than the Balkan League by the end

Bulgaria 350,000+,
Serbia 230,000 men,
Greece 125,000 men,
Montenegro 44,500 men
Total: 749,500+

Casualties and losses

Ottoman Empire:
50,000 killed
100,000 wounded
115,000 captured
75,000 dead of disease

Total: 340,000 dead, wounded or captured

Bulgaria:
8,840 killed
4,926 missing
36,877 wounded
10,995 deceased

Greece:
2,373 killed in action or died of wounds
9,295 wounded
1,558 dead of disease or accidents (incl. 2nd Balkan war)

Serbia:
5,000 killed
18,000 wounded
6,698 dead of disease

Montenegro:
2,430 killed
6,602 wounded
406 dead of disease

Total: at least c. 108,000 dead or wounded

Ottoman Empire:
50,000 killed
100,000 wounded
115,000 captured
75,000 dead of disease

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