Italian cruiser Bolzano

Bolzano before World War II
History
Kingdom of Italy
Name:	Bolzano
Namesake:	City of Bolzano
Builder:	Gio. Ansaldo & C.
Laid down:	11 June 1930
Launched:	31 August 1932
Completed:	19 August 1933
Fate:	Sunk, 21 June 1944
General characteristics
Type:	Heavy cruiser
Displacement:	10,890 long tons (11,060 t) (normal) 13,665 long tons (13,884 t) (full load)
Length:	196.9 m (646 ft) (o/a)
Beam:	20.6 m (68 ft)
Draft:	6.8 m (22 ft)
Installed power:	10 water-tube boilers 150,000 shaft horsepower (110,000 kW)
Propulsion:	4 Parsons geared steam turbines 4 shafts
Speed:	36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Complement:	725
Armament:	4 × 2 - 203 mm (8 in) 53-cal. guns 8 × 2 - 100 mm (3.9 in) 47-cal. guns 4 × 1 - 40 mm (1.6 in) guns 8 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) machine guns 8 × 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes
Armor:	Deck: 50 mm (2.0 in) Belt: 70 mm (2.8 in) Turret faces: 100 mm (3.9 in) Barbettes: 70 mm
Aircraft carried:	2–3 IMAM Ro.43 seaplanes

Bolzano was a unique heavy cruiser, sometimes considered to be a member of the Trento class, built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the early 1930s, the last vessel of the type to be built by Italy. A modified version of the earlier Trento class, she had a heavier displacement, slightly shorter length, a newer model of 203-millimeter (8.0 in) gun, and a more powerful propulsion system, among other differences influenced by the Zara class that had followed the Trentos. Bolzano was built by the Gio. Ansaldo & C. between her keel laying in June 1930 and her commissioning in August 1933.

Bolzano had a fairly uneventful peacetime career, which primarily consisted of naval reviews for Italian and foreign dignitaries. She saw extensive action in the first three years of Italy's participation in World War II. She took part in the Battles of Calabria, Taranto, Cape Spartivento, and Cape Matapan. The ship was lightly damaged at Calabria, but she emerged from the other engagements unscathed. She also frequently escorted convoys to North Africa in 1941 and 1942 and patrolled for British naval forces in the central Mediterranean Sea.

The ship was torpedoed twice by British submarines; the first, in July 1941, necessitated three months of repairs. The second, in August 1942, caused extensive damage and ended the ship's career. She was eventually towed back to La Spezia, where repairs were to be completed. Resources were unavailable, however, and Bolzano remained there, out of action. Plans to convert her into a hybrid cruiser-aircraft carrier came to nothing for the same reason. After Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943, La Spezia was occupied by German forces; to prevent them from using her as a blockship, Italian and British frogmen sank Bolzano using Chariot manned torpedoes in June 1944. The Italian Navy ultimately raised the ship in September 1949 and broke her up for scrap.