Isotopes of palladium

Main isotopes of palladium

Iso­tope Decay abun­dance half-life mode energy (MeV) pro­duct 100Pd syn 3.63 d ε – 100Rh γ 0.084, 0.074, 0.126 – 102Pd 1.02% is stable with 56 neutrons 103Pd syn 16.991 d ε – 103Rh 104Pd 11.14% is stable with 58 neutrons 105Pd 22.33% is stable with 59 neutrons 106Pd 27.33% is stable with 60 neutrons 107Pd trace 6.5×106 y β− 0.033 107Ag 108Pd 26.46% is stable with 62 neutrons 110Pd 11.72% is stable with 64 neutrons
Standard atomic weight (Ar)	106.42(1)

Naturally occurring palladium (₄₆Pd) is composed of six stable isotopes, ¹⁰²Pd, ¹⁰⁴Pd, ¹⁰⁵Pd, ¹⁰⁶Pd, ¹⁰⁸Pd, and ¹¹⁰Pd, although two of them are theoretically unstable. The most stable radioisotopes are ¹⁰⁷Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years, ¹⁰³Pd with a half-life of 17 days, and ¹⁰⁰Pd with a half-life of 3.63 days. Twenty-three other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 90.949 u (⁹¹Pd) to 123.937 u (¹²⁴Pd). Most of these have half-lives that are less than a half an hour except ¹⁰¹Pd (half-life: 8.47 hours), ¹⁰⁹Pd (half-life: 13.7 hours), and ¹¹²Pd (half-life: 21 hours).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁰⁶Pd, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay product before ¹⁰⁶Pd is rhodium and the primary product after is silver.

Radiogenic ¹⁰⁷Ag is a decay product of ¹⁰⁷Pd and was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite of 1978. The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. ¹⁰⁷Pd versus Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since accretion of the solar system, must reflect the presence of short-lived nuclides in the early solar system.

Palladium-103 is a radioisotope of the element palladium that has uses in radiation therapy for prostate cancer and uveal melanoma. Palladium-103 may be created from palladium-102 or from Rhodium-103 using a Cyclotron. Palladium-103 has a half-life of 16.99 days and decays by electron capture to rhodium-103, emitting characteristic x-rays with 21 keV of energy.

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