Iskra (Egyptian communist organisation)

Iskra (Arabic: الشرارة‎‎, ash-Sharara) was a communist organization in Egypt. Iskra was founded in 1942 by Hillel Schwartz. In the initial phase of its existence, the membership of Iskra was a few tens.

The followers of Iskra were, like the supporters of other Egyptian communist factions, active inside the Wafdist Vanguard (see Wafd).

Iskra emphazised studies of Marxist theory and its application in Egyptian society. The approach of Iskra was that the first task of the communists was to build a base amongst revolutionary intellectuals, and that mass mobilisation would follow at a later stage.

In 1944 Iskra established a study centre, Dar al-abahth al-'ilmiya (دار الأبحاث العلمية, House of Scientific Research). The centre published literature and gave classes on communist thought.

In 1945 Iskra was one of the forces behind the foundation of the National People's University, an institution that provided courses in politics and social sciences for labour activists.

In February 1946, Iskra was one of the groups that organised the National Committee of Workers and Students, a mass movement for national independence and social reforms. The National Committee lasted until July the same year.

In 1947 began publishing the newspaper al-Jamahir (الجماهير, 'The Masses').Shudi Atiya ash-Shafi was the director of the House of Scientific Research and later the editor of al-Jamahir. Ash-Shafi had been the first Egyptian Muslim to become part of the Iskra leadership.

In 1947 Iskra merged with the Egyptian Movement for National Liberation (HAMITU) to form the Democratic Movement for National Liberation.

In comparison to other contemporary communist organisations in Egypt, the membership of Iskra largely consisted of intellectuals. Like all communist groups, the cadres were mainly urban and based in the Cairo area. A large number of the Iskra cadres were Europeanised Jews or belonging to other European minorities. Many of the Iskra activists belonged to the upper strata of Cairo society, and were often recruited from the Lycée Français du Caire. The recruitment was often done through arranging parties and social events. In 1945, Iskra had a membership of about 900. 40% of them were foreigners.

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