The Iraqi–Syrian border runs for a total length of 599 km across Upper Mesopotamia and the Syrian desert. It was defined in the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1922), drawn across of what had been designated the A zone in the Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916. It was the border between the Syrian Republic and the Kingdom of Iraq until 1958, and since 1961 the border between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Iraq.
The border passes across Upper Mesopotamia, beginning at the Iraqi–Syrian–Turkish tripoint on the Tigris river at 37°06′22″N 42°21′26″E / 37.1060°N 42.3572°E. The border more or less follows the former border between the Ottoman Mosul and Diyarbekir vilayets.
The Rabia border crossing is on the Al-Shaddadah–Mosul road.
The border crosses the Euphrates just north of the Al-Qa'im border crossing between Abu Kamal in Syria and Al Qa'im in Iraq.