Iqra
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العلق Al-ʻAlaq The Clot |
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Arabic text · English translation |
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| Classification | Meccan |
| Alternate titles (Ar.) | سورة إقرا (Sūrat Iqrā) |
| Other names | The Embryo, The Clinging Form, The Clinging-Clot, The Clot, The Germ-Cell, Read |
| Position | Juzʼ 30 |
| No. of verses | 19 |
Arabic text · English translation
Sūrat al-ʻAlaq (Arabic: سورة العلق, "The Clot"), is the 96th sura or chapter of the Qur'an. It is composed of 19 ayat (verses or "signs"), and is traditionally believed to have been revealed at Mecca at cave Hira. It is sometimes also known as Sūrat Iqrā (سورة إقرا, "Read").
The linguistic definition of ′alaq علق (singular 'alaqah علقة) is "leech", "medicinal leech", "coagulated blood", "blood clot", or "the early stage of the embryo".′Alaq is also a derivative of 'alaqa which means "attached and hanging to something." Professor Abdul Haleem mentions that "′alaq can also mean anything that clings: a clot of blood, a leech, even a lump of mud. All these meanings involve the basic idea of clinging or sticking."
The term ′alaqah is the second stage of human prenatal development (sura Al-Mu’minoon 23: 12-14) which "descriptively encompasses the primary external and internal features" of the early embryo. The term ′alaqah also occurs in several languages related to Arabic. In Hebrew there is עֲלוּקָה alûqāh (or alukah), the generic name for any blood-sucking worm or leech, and in Aramaic and Syriac there are words with apparently similar meanings.
This sura has two parts: the first part consists of vv. 1-5, and the second of vv. 6-19. The majority of islamic scholars agreed that the first part forms the first revelation to be sent down to prophet Muhammad in 610. In this regard, the Hadith from Aisha, which Ibn Hanbal, Bukhari, Muslim and other traditionists have related with several chains of authorities, is one of the most authentic Hadith on the subject. In it Aisha narrates the full story of the beginning of revelation as she herself heard it from Muhammad. Besides, Ibn Abbas, Abu Musa al-Ashari and a group of the Companions also are reported to have stated that these were the very first verses of the Quran to be revealed to Muhammad.
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