Intestinal glands

Intestinal gland
Micrograph of the small intestine mucosa showing the intestinal glands - bottom 1/3 of image. H&E stain.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	glandulae intestinales
Dorlands /Elsevier	g_06/12392417
TA	A05.6.01.012
FMA	15052 71621, 15052
Anatomical terminology []

In histology, an intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine (colon). The glands and intestinal villi are covered by epithelium which contains multiple types of cells: enterocytes (absorbing water and electrolytes), goblet cells (secreting mucus), enteroendocrine cells (secreting hormones), cup cells, tuft cells and, at the base of the gland, Paneth cells (secreting anti-microbial peptides) and stem cells. These cells are not all present in the colon.

Intestinal glands are found in the epithelia of the small intestine, namely the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and in the large intestine (colon) where they are sometimes called colonic crypts. Intestinal glands of the small intestine contain a base of replicating stem cells, Paneth cells of the innate immune system, and goblet cells, which produce mucus. In the colon, crypts do not have Paneth cells.

The enterocytes in the small intestinal mucosa contain digestive enzymes that digest specific foods while they are being absorbed through the epithelium. These enzymes include peptidase, sucrase, maltase, lactase and intestinal lipase. This is in contrast to the gastric glands of the stomach where chief cells secrete pepsinogen.