In Treue fest

In Treue fest (German for " in ; firm in fidelity") was the motto of the Kingdom of Bavaria (1805–1918) and of its Wittelsbach rulers, after the end of World War I used by Bavarian monarchists.

The motto originates as that of the Order of Saint Hubert of the Dukes of Jülich and Berg, rendered in 15th-century Lower Franconian as in traw vast. The order was defunct during the 17th century, and revived in 1708 under Johann Wilhelm, by which time the Duchy of Jülich-Berg had passed to the Palatinate branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The order was brought to Bavaria in 1778 when Charles Theodore, Duke of Jülich and Berg and Count-Elector Palatine, succeeded his childless cousin, Maximilian III Joseph as Elector of Bavaria. In 1799, Charles Theodore was succeeded by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, a member of a different branch of the house of Wittelsbach, who became the first king of Bavaria.

The motto is the title of two military marches, one by Carl Teike (1903, English title "Steadfast and True") and another by August Högn (1905). It is invoked in the final verse of the Argonnerwaldlied (1914). From 1909, the motto was embossed on the belt buckles of Bavarian troops. During the First World War, the motto was frequently reproduced on postcards and other memorabilia, often with the portraits of emperors Wilhelm II and Franz Joseph I. The "fidelity" invoked in the motto was now interpreted as referring to the loyalty of the German Empire and Austria-Hungary to their alliance of 1879 in view of the increasing political isolation of the Central Powers on the eve of the Great War. Bernhard von Bülow invoked the mutual loyalty between Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1909 as Nibelungentreue in his Reichstag speech of 29 March 1909.

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