Ilya (Elias) Rabinovich (Rabinowitsch, Rabinovitch, Rabinovitz, Rabinowicz, Rabinovici) (Russian: Илья Рабинович; 11 May 1891, Saint Petersburg – 23 April 1942, Perm) was a Russian chess master.
In 1911 Ilya Leontievich Rabinovich tied for first place with Platz in Saint Petersburg. In 1912 he tied for 4th-5th in Vilna (Hauptturnier; Karel Hromádka won).
In July/August 1914 he played in Mannheim (19th DSB Congress), and tied for 2nd-3rd in interrupted Hauptturnier A (B. Hallegua won). After the declaration of war against Russia, eleven Russian players (Alekhine, Bogoljubow, Bogatyrchuk, Flamberg, Koppelman, Maliutin, Rabinovich, Romanovsky, Saburov, Selesniev, Weinstein) from the Mannheim tournament were interned by Germany. In September 1914 four of them (Alekhine, Bogatyrchuk, Saburov, and Koppelman) were freed and allowed, through Switzerland, to return home. The Russian internees played eight tournaments, the first in Baden-Baden (1914) and all the others in Triberg im Schwarzwald (1914–1917). Ilya Rabinovich was 3rd in Baden-Baden (Alexander Flamberg won), took 2nd at Triberg 1914/15, took 2nd at Triberg 1915, took 3rd at Triberg 1915, tied for 2nd-3rd at Triberg 1915, took 2nd at Triberg 1915/16 (all tournaments were won by Efim Bogoljubow). In 1916 Rabinovich won in the Triberg chess tournament, and he tied for first with Selezniev at Triberg 1917.