Idries Shah

Idries Shah ادریس شاه इदरीस शाह
Born	Idries Shah (1924-06-16)16 June 1924 Simla, British India
Died	23 November 1996(1996-11-23) (aged 72) London, UK
Pen name	Arkon Daraul
Occupation	Writer, publisher
Ethnicity	Afghan, Indian, Scottish
Genre	Eastern philosophy and culture
Subject	Sufism, psychology
Notable works	The Sufis The Commanding Self The Subtleties of the Inimitable Mulla Nasrudin The Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrudin Thinkers of the East Learning How to Learn The Way of the Sufi Reflections Kara Kush
Notable awards	Outstanding Book of the Year (BBC "The Critics"), twice; six first prizes at the UNESCO World Book Year in 1973
Spouse	Cynthia (Kashfi) Kabraji
Children	Saira Shah, Tahir Shah, Safia Shah
Signature
Website
www.idriesshahfoundation.org

Idries Shah (/ˈɪdrɪs ˈʃɑː/; Pashto: ادريس شاه‎, Urdu: ادریس شاه‎, Hindi: इदरीस शाह; 16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي) and by the pen name Arkon Daraul, was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.

Born in India, the descendant of a family of Afghan nobles, Shah grew up mainly in England. His early writings centred on magic and witchcraft. In 1960 he established a publishing house, Octagon Press, producing translations of Sufi classics as well as titles of his own. His seminal work was The Sufis, which appeared in 1964 and was well received internationally. In 1965, Shah founded the Institute for Cultural Research, a London-based educational charity devoted to the study of human behaviour and culture. A similar organisation, the Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK), exists in the United States, under the directorship of Stanford University psychology professor Robert Ornstein, whom Shah appointed as his deputy in the U.S.

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