Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism
Testosterone is a type of androgen that is important in the development of hyperandrogenism since high levels of it can cause this condition.
Pronunciation	'hīpər'andrəjənizəm
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Endocrinology
ICD-10	E25, E28.1
ICD-9-CM	255.2
MedlinePlus	001165
eMedicine	article/273153
[]

Hyperandrogenism, also known as androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens (male sex hormones such as testosterone) in the female body and the associated effects of the elevated androgen levels. It is an endocrinological disorder similar to hyperestrogenism. The most common conditions associated with hyperandrogenism are polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS, a set of symptoms caused by androgen excess in females, and various cancers that can cause androgen excess. In females, the condition usually present are some combination of acne, seborrhea (inflamed skin), hair loss on the scalp, increased body and/or facial hair (hirsutism), and an elevated sex drive or libido. The symptoms of hyperandrogenism are usually most effectively treated with antiandrogens. There is some controversy over whether hyperandrogenism provides an unfair advantage in athletics.

Hyperandrogenism affects 5-10% of females of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism can affect both males and females, but is more noticeable in females due to the fact that elevated levels of androgens in females often facilitates virilization. Due to the fact that hyperandrogenism is characterized by the elevation of male sex hormone levels, symptoms of hyperandrogenism in men are often negligible. Hyperandrogenism in females is typically diagnosed in late adolescence with a medical evaluation. The medical evaluation tends to consist of a pelvic exam, observation of external symptoms, and a blood test measuring androgen levels.

In women

Hyperandrogenism, especially high levels of testosterone, can cause serious adverse effects on women’s bodies if left untreated. High testosterone levels have been seen to be associated with obesity, hypertension, amenorrhea(stop of menstrual cycles), and ovulatory dysfunction, which can lead to infertility. The more prominent signs of hyperandrogenism are hirsutism(unwanted growth of hair especially in the abdominal region and places on the back), acne after adolescents, deepening of voice, and alopecia(balding). Hyperandrogenism has also been seen to cause individuals to have a high tolerance to insulin, which can lead to type two diabetes, and dyslipidemia, such as high cholesterol. These effects have also been seen to have a large psychological impact on the individual, sometimes often leading to societal anxiety and depression, especially in adolescent girls and young women. Paired with obesity and hirsutism, it can cause the individual to have low self-esteem, and a poor view of oneself.

...
Wikipedia