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Hungarian Republic (1946–49)

Hungarian Republic
Magyar Köztársaság
1946–1949
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Himnusz
Hymn
Extent of the Hungarian Republic in 1949.
Capital Budapest
Languages Hungarian
Religion Christianitya · Judaism
Government Parliamentary republic
President
 •  1946–1948 Zoltán Tildy
 •  1948–1949 Árpád Szakasits
Prime Minister
 •  1946–1947 Ferenc Nagy
 •  1947–1948 Lajos Dinnyés
 •  1948–1949 István Dobi
Legislature National Assembly
Historical era Cold War
 •  Established 1 February 1946
 •  Paris Peace Treaty 10 February 1947
 •  Disestablished 20 August 1949
Area
 •  1946 93,073 km² (35,936 sq mi)
 •  1947 93,011 km² (35,912 sq mi)
Population
 •  1949 est. 9,204,799 
     Density 99 /km²  (256.3 /sq mi)
Currency Pengő / Adópengő b
Forint
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)
Hungarian People's Republic
Today part of  Hungary
 Slovakiac
a. Predominantly Roman Catholic.
b. Until 1 August 1946.
c. Bratislava bridgehead until 10 February 1947.

The Second Hungarian Republic (Hungarian: Magyar Köztársaság) was a parliamentary republic briefly established after the dissolution of the Kingdom of Hungary on 1 February 1946 and dissolved on 20 August 1949. It was succeeded by the People's Republic of Hungary.

From September 1944 until April 1945, as World War II in Europe drew to a close, the Red Army occupied Hungary. The Siege of Budapest lasted almost two months and much of the city was destroyed. Neither the Western Allies nor the Soviet Union supported any changes to Hungary's pre-1938 borders, so the peace treaty signed by Hungary in 1947 declared that "The decisions of the Vienna Award of 2 November 1938 are declared null and void". This meant that Hungary's borders were moved back to those that existed on 1 January 1938 and it lost the territories it had regained between 1938 and 1941. The Soviet Union also annexed Sub-Carpathia, some of which had been part of Hungary before 1938. Between 1946 and 1948, half of Hungary's ethnic German minority (around 250,000 people) were deported to Germany and there was a forced "exchange of population" between Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

The Soviets set up an alternative government in Debrecen on 21 December 1944 before capturing Budapest on 18 January 1945. Zoltán Tildy became the provisional prime minister.


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Wikipedia

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