Hungarian Communist Party
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Party of Communists in Hungary (1918–19; 1922–43)
Socialist Party of Hungary (1919) Party of Socialist Communist Workers in Hungary (1919) Peace Party (1943–44) Hungarian Communist Party (1944–48) |
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| First leader | Béla Kun |
| Last leader | Mátyás Rákosi |
| Founded | 24 November 1918 |
| Dissolved | 22 July 1948 |
| Succeeded by | Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) |
| Ideology |
Communism Marxism–Leninism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| National affiliation | Left Bloc |
| International affiliation | Cominform |
| Colors | Red |
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The Party of Communists in Hungary (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja), renamed Hungarian Communist Party (Magyar Kommunista Párt) in October 1944, was founded on November 24, 1918, and was in power in Hungary briefly from March to August 1919 under Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The communist government was overthrown by the Romanian Army and driven underground. The party regained power following World War II and held power from 1945 under the leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. In 1948 the party merged with the Social Democrats to become the Hungarian Working People's Party. The Communist Party of Hungary was a member of the Communist International.
The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established as The "Party of Communists from Hungary" in late 1918 by Béla Kun, a former journalist who fought for Austria-Hungary in World War I. After spending time in a POW camp, Kun, along with several associates, set up the initial workings of the KMP in Moscow in October 1918. These first members returned to Hungary in November, and on the 24th officially created the KMP. The Communist party chose "The Party of Communists from Hungary" (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) title instead of "Hungarian Communist Party", because - at the time - the vast majority of their represented social class: the factory workers the "proletariat" hadn't ethnic Hungarian roots in Hungary yet, and the ethnic Hungarians were only a minority in the newly founded party. Initially, the group was small in number, boasting only its founders and a handful of leftist Social Democrats. Nonetheless, the political instability of the government under Mihály Károlyi and the growing popularity of the Bolshevik movement prompted the Social Democrats to seek a coalition with the KMP. For the Social Democrats, an alliance with the KMP not only increased their standing with the common people, but also gave them a potential link to the increasingly powerful Russian Communist Party, as Kun had ties with prominent Russian Bolsheviks.
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