Hoover Administration
| The Hoover Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | Herbert Hoover | 1929–1933 |
| Vice President | Charles Curtis | 1929–1933 |
| Secretary of State | Frank B. Kellogg | 1929 |
| Henry L. Stimson | 1929–1933 | |
| Secretary of Treasury | Andrew Mellon | 1929–1932 |
| Ogden L. Mills | 1932–1933 | |
| Secretary of War | James W. Good | 1929 |
| Patrick J. Hurley | 1929–1933 | |
| Attorney General | William D. Mitchell | 1929–1933 |
| Postmaster General | Walter F. Brown | 1929–1933 |
| Secretary of the Navy | Charles Francis Adams III | 1929–1933 |
| Secretary of the Interior | Ray L. Wilbur | 1929–1933 |
| Secretary of Agriculture | Arthur M. Hyde | 1929–1933 |
| Secretary of Commerce | Robert P. Lamont | 1929–1932 |
| Roy D. Chapin | 1932–1933 | |
| Secretary of Labor | James J. Davis | 1929–1930 |
| William N. Doak | 1930–1933 | |
The presidency of Herbert Hoover began on March 4, 1929, when Herbert Hoover was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1933. Hoover, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory in the 1928 presidential election over Democrat Al Smith of New York. At the time of his election he was the nation's Secretary of Commerce, a position he had held since March 1921. Hoover, the 31st United States president, was defeated when he ran for re-election against Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York in the 1932 presidential election.
When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression by reassuring public confidence and working with business leaders and local government. As the depression continued, Hoover reluctantly gave into calls for direct federal intervention, establishing the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. He also reluctantly approved the Smoot–Hawley Tariff of 1930, which sent foreign trade spiraling down. Hoover believed that it was essential to balance the budget despite falling tax revenue, so he raised the tax rates. The economy kept falling, and the unemployment rate rose to 25%, with heavy industry, mining, and wheat and cotton farming hit especially hard. The ailing economy, combined with Hoover's support for Prohibition policies that had lost favor, set the stage for Hoover's overwhelming defeat in 1932.
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