Historical migration

Early human migrations began with the movement of Homo erectus out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago. Homo sapiens appears to have migrated to all of Africa about 150 millennia ago (kya), moved out of Africa some 80 kya, and spread across Eurasia and before 40 kya. Migration to the Americas took place about 20 to 15 kya, and by 1000 CE, most Pacific Islands were colonized.

Later population movements notably include the Neolithic revolution and the Bronze Age Indo-European expansion, still later the Early Medieval Great Migrations, and the related Turkic expansion.

Much better understood are the Age of Exploration and European Colonialism, which led to an accelerated pace of migration over vast distances as new means of transportation emerged.

The "peopling of the world" begins with the spread of Homo erectus out of Africa and across Eurasia beginning about one million years ago.

Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) appeared about 200 kya, and had diverged into three main lineages within Africa by about 100-80 kya, L1 (mtDNA) / A (Y-DNA) colonizing Southern Africa (the ancestors of the Khoisan (Capoid) peoples), bearers of haplogroup L2 (mtDNA) / B (Y-DNA) settling Central and West Africa (the ancestors of Niger–Congo and Nilo-Saharan speaking peoples and of the Mbuti pygmies), while the bearers of haplogroup L3 remained in East Africa.

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