Historia belli sacri

The Historia belli sacri (History of the Holy War) is a chronicle of the First Crusade written by an anonymous monk of the Abbey of Montecassino. It was composed some time after 1131, based in large part on the equally anonymous Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum and also incorporating fragments from the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, the Gesta Tancredi and other unknown texts. Although heavily reliant on the Gesta Francorum, it is an important source for the Italo-Norman crusaders. Like the history of Robert the Monk and Guibert of Nogent's Dei gesta per Francos, both of which were used as sources by its anonymous author, the Historia belli sacri is "a serious and careful effort to rework the Gesta story and add to it significant information which is not found in any other source." It was, after all, "written in an age when there were still survivors of the First Crusade."

For a long time the only known manuscript of the Historia belli sacri was to be found in the library of Montecassino. It was first edited by Jean Mabillon for his Museum Italicum (Paris, 1687), and this edition was re-published in the Recueil des Historiens des Croisades under the title Tudebodus imitatus et continuatus. It was regarded by the editors as an "imitation" and "continuation", along with the Gesta Francorum, of Petrus Tudebodus' Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere. A second fragment of the Historia belli sacri was discovered in Latin manuscript 6041 A of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. This fourteenth-century Italian manuscript once belonged to François Roger de Gaignières. The catalogue of the Bibliothèque's Latin section, published in 1774, lists the third document of MS 6041 A as " a history of Jerusalem by Pons of Baladun and Raymond, canon of Le Puy" (Pontii de Baladuno et Raimundi, canonici Podiensis, Historia Hierosolymitana). The actual third document in the MS is not only a copy of the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, usually attributed to Pons of Baladun and Raymond of Aguilers, but rather a compilation, by an unknown editor, of portions of three distinct works: the Historia Francorum (for the period up to the siege of Antioch), the Historia belli sacri (for the period from there to the conquest of Ramla) and the Gesta Francorum (for the period from Ramleh to the battle of Ascalon).

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