Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
| Henry Percy | |
|---|---|
Arms of the Percy Earls of Northumberland: Or, lion rampant azure, armed and tongue gules
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| Born |
3 February 1393 Alnwick Castle, Northumberland |
| Died | 22 May 1455 (aged 62) St Albans |
| Cause of death | Killed in battle |
| Resting place |
St Albans Abbey, Hertfordshire 51°45′02″N 0°20′32″W / 51.750556°N 0.342222°W |
| Title | 2nd Earl of Northumberland |
| Tenure | 1416–55 |
| Known for | Involvement in the Wars of the Roses |
| Years active | c. 1413–55 |
| Nationality | English |
| Residence | Warkworth Castle |
| Locality | Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumberland |
| Net worth | c. £3,100 gross in 1355 |
| Wars and battles | Anglo-Scottish Border Wars • Battle of Sark Wars of the Roses • First Battle of St Albans |
| Offices |
Warden of the East March Constable of England |
| Predecessor | Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland |
| Successor | Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Eleanor Neville |
| Issue |
Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont Lady Katherine Percy Sir Ralph Percy William Percy |
| Parents | Henry Hotspur Percy Elizabeth de Mortimer |
Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455) was an English nobleman and military commander in the lead up to the Wars of the Roses. He was the son of Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and the grandson of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. His father and grandfather were killed in different rebellions against Henry IV in 1403 and 1408 respectively, and the young Henry spent his minority in exile in Scotland. Only after the death of Henry IV in 1413 was he reconciled with the Crown, and in 1416 he was created Earl of Northumberland.
In the following years, Northumberland occasionally served with the king in France, but his main occupation was the protection of the border to Scotland. At the same time, a feud with the Neville family was developing, particularly with Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. This feud became entangled with the conflict between the Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset over control of national government. The conflict culminated in the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, at St Albans, where both Somerset and Northumberland were killed.
Henry Percy was the son of another Henry Percy, known as "Hotspur", and Elizabeth Mortimer. Elizabeth was the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa, granddaughter of Edward III. Hotspur's father – the young Henry's grandfather – was also called Henry Percy, and in 1377 became the first of the Percy family to hold the title of Earl of Northumberland. Both Hotspur and his father were early and active supporters of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from Richard II in 1399, and became King Henry IV. They were initially richly rewarded, but soon grew disillusioned with the new regime. Hotspur rose up in rebellion, and was killed at Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403.
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