Henry Moseley
| Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley | |
|---|---|
Henry G. J. Moseley in the Balliol-Trinity Laboratories, Oxford (1910).
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| Born |
23 November 1887 Weymouth, Dorset, England |
| Died |
10 August 1915 (aged 27) Gallipoli, Turkey |
| Citizenship | British |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | Physics, chemistry |
| Education |
Trinity College, University of Oxford University of Manchester |
| Known for | Atomic Number, Moseley's Law |
| Influences | Ernest Rutherford |
| Notable awards | Matteucci Medal (1919) |
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's Law justified many concepts in chemistry by sorting the chemical elements of the periodic table of the elements in a logical order based on their physics.
Moseley's law advanced atomic physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. This remains the accepted model today.
When World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army. Moseley was assigned to the force of British Empire soldiers that invaded the region of Gallipoli, Turkey, in April 1915, as a telecommunications officer. Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915, at the age of 27. Experts have speculated that Moseley could have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916, had he not been killed. As a consequence, the British government instituted new policies for eligibility for combat duty.
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