Henry IV Probus

Henryk IV Probus
19th century portrait by Aleksander Lesser
High Duke of Poland
Reign	1288–1290
Predecessor	Leszek II the Black
Successor	Przemysł II
Duke of Silesia-Wrocław
Reign	1266–1290
Predecessor	Henry III the White
Successor	Henry V the Fat
Born	c. 1257/58
Died	23 June 1290 Wrocław, Kingdom of Poland
Spouse	Constance of Opole (−1287) Matilda of Brandenburg (1287–1290)
House	Silesian Piasts
Father	Henry III the White
Mother	Judith of Masovia

Henryk IV Probus (Latin for the Righteous) (Polish: Henryk IV Probus or Prawy; German: Heinrich IV. der Gerechte) (c. 1258 – 23 June 1290) was a member of the Silesian branch of the royal Polish Piast dynasty. He was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1266, and from also 1288 High Duke of the Polish Seniorate Province of Kraków until his death in 1290.

Henry IV was the only son of Duke Henry III the White of Silesia-Wrocław by his first wife Judith, daughter of Duke Konrad I of Masovia.

A minor upon the early death of his father in 1266, Henry IV was placed under the guardianship of his paternal uncle, Archbishop Władysław of Salzburg. The Archbishop decided that the constant travels between Wrocław and Salzburg were inappropriate for a child, and, in 1267, sent Henry to Prague to be raised at the court of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. Ottokar after Władysław's death in 1270 also took over Wrocław.

Shortly after the death of his uncle (who left him as his universal heir), Henry IV returned to Wrocław, where he found himself under the direct care of one of the closest advisers of his late father, Simon Gallicusa. Henry IV received a careful education, which may explain his subsequent interest in culture and poetry (there are reasonable suspicions that the Duke wrote some poems in old Polish). The cooperation between Henry IV and King Ottokar II was exemplary. In 1271 Henry IV participated in an armed expedition against Hungary, which brought an attack on Wrocław by the Árpád princes and their allies, the Dukes of Greater and Lesser Poland.