Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
| Henry IV | |
|---|---|
| Holy Roman Emperor (more...) | |
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| Holy Roman Emperor | |
| Reign | 5 October 1056 – 31 December 1105 |
| Coronation | 31 March 1084 Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome |
| Predecessor | Henry III |
| Successor | Henry V |
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King of Germany (Formally King of the Romans) |
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| Reign | November 1053 – 31 December 1105 |
| Coronation | 17 July 1054 Aachen Cathedral |
| Predecessor | Henry III |
| Successor | Henry V |
| King of Italy and Burgundy | |
| Reign | 5 October 1056 – 31 December 1105 |
| Predecessor | Henry III |
| Successor | Henry V |
| Born |
11 November 1050 Imperial Palace of Goslar, Saxony |
| Died | 7 August 1106 (aged 55) Liège, Lower Lorraine |
| Burial | Speyer Cathedral |
| Spouse |
Bertha of Savoy (m. 1066 – wid. 1087) Eupraxia (Adelheid) of Kiev (m. 1089 – div. 1095) |
| Issue |
Agnes, Duchess of Swabia and Margravine of Austria Conrad II of Italy Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor |
| House | Salian dynasty |
| Father | Henry III |
| Mother | Agnes of Poitou |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| German royal dynasties | |||
| Salian dynasty | |||
| Chronology | |||
| Conrad II | 1024 – 1039 | ||
| Henry III | 1039 – 1056 | ||
| Henry IV | 1056 – 1105 | ||
| Henry V | 1105 – 1125 | ||
| Family | |||
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Family tree of the German monarchs |
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| Succession | |||
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Preceded by Ottonian dynasty |
Followed by Süpplingenburg dynasty |
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Henry IV (German: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) ascended to King of the Germans in 1056. From 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105, he was also referred to as the King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century. His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy. Several civil wars over his throne took place in both Italy and Germany. He died of illness, soon after defeating his son's army near Visé, in Lorraine, France.
In 1056 at Aachen, Henry IV was enthroned as the King of the Germans by Pope Victor II, while his mother, Agnes of Poitou, became regent. In 1062 the young king was kidnapped as a result of the Coup of Kaiserswerth, a conspiracy of German nobles led by Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne. Henry, who was at Kaiserwerth, was persuaded to board a boat on the Rhine; it was immediately unmoored and the king jumped into the river, but he was rescued by one of the conspirators and carried to Cologne. Agnes retired to a convent, and the government was placed in the hands of Anno. His first action was to back Pope Alexander II against the antipope Honorius II, whom Agnes had initially recognized but subsequently left without support. Anno's rule proved unpopular.
The education and training of Henry were supervised by Anno, who was called his magister, while Adalbert of Hamburg, archbishop of Bremen, was styled Henry's patronus. Henry's education seems to have been neglected, and his willful and headstrong nature developed under the conditions of these early years. The malleable Adalbert of Hamburg soon became the confidante of the ruthless Henry. Eventually, during an absence of Anno from Germany, Henry managed to obtain control of his civil duties, leaving Anno with only an ecclesiastical role.
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Wikipedia