Victor Alexandre Henri Chaput (17 November 1857, Tonnerre – 1919) was a French surgeon who specialized in intestinal surgery.
He studied medicine in Paris, where he received his doctorate in 1885. In 1888 he became a hospital surgeon, subsequently performing surgery at the Hôpitaux Broussais, Boucicaut, and Lariboisièr during his career.
He was at the forefront of surgical asepsis, advocating the use of sterile rubber (caoutchouc) gloves during operations. He was known for his preference of lumbar anaesthetics (using stovaine) instead of general anaesthesia for most surgical operations.
In 1898 he published a collection of Octave Terrillon's works titled "Oeuvres" (2 volumes). Other written efforts by Chaput include: