Octave Roch Simon Terrillon (17 May 1844, Oigny-sur-Seine – 22 December 1895, Paris) was a French physician and surgeon, known as a pioneer of aseptic surgery.
From 1868 he worked as a hospital interne in Paris, where in 1873 he received his medical doctorate. In 1876 he qualified as a hospital surgeon, and eventually became associated with the Salpêtrière Hospital. In 1878 he became an associate professor at the faculty of medicine in Paris.
On April 13, 1957, a French postage stamp featuring a portrait of Dr. Terrillon was issued. Included on the stamp were images of a microscope, an and some surgical instruments.