Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition

Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition occurred between 1886 and 1894 in the American southwest. Sponsored by Mary Tileston Hemenway, a wealthy widow and philanthropist, it was initially led by Frank Hamilton Cushing, who was replaced in 1889 by Jesse Walter Fewkes. It was considered to be a major scientific archaeological expedition, notable for the discovery of the prehistoric Hohokam culture. Until the 1930s, the expeditionary records were in storage. Emil Haury, a Harvard University student, published a monograph on Los Muertos in 1945, a site investigated in detail by the Hemenway Expedition and dated to the Hohokam culture.

Mary Tileston Hemenway was impressed with Frank Hamilton Cushing's anthropologic work studying the Zuni Indians in northwestern New Mexico and his enthusiasm to investigate further into American anthropology. Her ambition was to establish a private museum in Salem, Massachusetts based on archaeological finds, the Pueblo Museum for the study of American Indians. For this purpose Cushing collaborated with her to establish an expedition team with board of directors to manage the operations. Cushing stated that his ambition for the expedition was: “a rock of ages ... the foundation of something good and great for archeology and the sciences of humanity”. The expedition's agenda was to conduct archaeological and anthropological investigations in Fort Wingate, New Mexico and the Salt River Valley, near Phoenix, Arizona.

Cushing, the expedition's director, brought along his wife, Emily, and her sister, Margaret Magill, as artist. The anthropologist, Frederick Webb Hodge was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology. Magill and Hodge fell in love and married in 1891. The journalist and Boston Herald editor, Sylvester Baxter, served as the expedition's secretary-treasurer.Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier was a historian. Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate served as the physical anthropologist. Charles A. Garlick, a former topographer with the U.S. Geographical Survey, served as the field manager. Dr. Jacob Lawson Wortman, of the Army Medical Museum, was brought on to preserve the finds of the skeletal remains. Army surgeon Washington Matthews took care of the medical needs of the team. Fewkes was an ethnologist.

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