Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
| Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen | |
|---|---|
| Queen consort of Cyprus | |
| Tenure | 13 October 1382 – 9 September 1398 |
| Queen consort of Armenia | |
| Tenure | 29 November 1393 – 9 September 1398 |
| Born | 1353 |
| Died | 15 January 1421 |
| Burial | Saint Dominic's, Nicosia |
| Spouse | James I of Cyprus |
| Issue among others... |
Janus of Cyprus Marie, Queen of Naples |
| House | Welf |
| Father | Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen |
| Mother | Helvis de Dampierre |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1353 – 15 January 1421), was the Queen consort of Cyprus and Queen consort of Armenia as the wife of King James I of Cyprus. He was also titular King of Jersusalem. She was styled Queen of Cyprus from 1382 to 1398; although at the time of his ascension to the Cypriot throne, he and Helvis were imprisoned in Genoa after they had been captured by the Genoese on the island of Rhodes. Almost all of Helvis' 12 children were born to her while she was held prisoner. In 1385, after negotiations and many ruinous concessions to the Genoese, they were released and James was crowned king. In 1393, she became Queen of Armenia.
Helvis was born in 1353, the eldest child and only daughter of Duke Philip of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Grubenhagen, Constable of Jerusalem (son of Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen), and Helvis de Dampierre, daughter of Eudes de Dampierre and Isabelle de Lusignan. Through both her parents, she was a remote descendant of the celebrated Crusader John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut. Helvis had a younger brother, John of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, who would later serve as Admiral of Cyprus. In 1368, nine years after her mother's death, Helvis's father married her own mother-in-law, Alix of Ibelin, the Dowager Queen of Cyprus. A year later, he died.
On 1 May 1365, when she was 12 years old, she married James de Lusignan, the third son of King Hugh IV of Cyprus and Alix of Ibelin, who three years later became her stepmother. James was 19 years her senior. As they were cousins, a Papal dispensation was required for their marriage.
In 1368, he was made Constable of Cyprus, and in the following year became one of the regents for his nephew Peter II after his eldest brother King Peter I had been assassinated by a group of barons led by Philip Ibelin. Philip was the husband of James's niece, Alicia of Majorca. The Queen Mother Eleanor believed James and his brother, John had been part of the conspiracy to murder her husband. In 1372 James led a war against the Genoese; however, at its conclusion in 1373 when the Genoese invaded Cyprus, he and Helvis were compelled to flee the kingdom. They went to the island of Rhodes, where her first child, a daughter, was born on an unknown date and died as a baby in 1374. In the same year, James and Helvis were both captured by the Genoese, and taken as hostages to Genoa where they were imprisoned. It was recorded in the Chronicle of Amadi that Helvis was constrained to perform manual work before she joined him in the prison, which was known colloquially as la mal paga. It was there that she gave birth to their first son, Janus, whom she named after the god who had been, according to an ancient legend, the traditional founder of Genoa. 11 other children followed, most of them having been born during her imprisonment.
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