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Helgoland

Heligoland
Helgoland
Helgoland Vogelperspektive sx.jpg
Flag of Heligoland
Flag
Coat of arms of Heligoland
Coat of arms
Heligoland   is located in Germany
Heligoland
Heligoland
Coordinates: 54°10′57″N 7°53′07″E / 54.18250°N 7.88528°E / 54.18250; 7.88528Coordinates: 54°10′57″N 7°53′07″E / 54.18250°N 7.88528°E / 54.18250; 7.88528
Country Germany
State Schleswig-Holstein
District Pinneberg
Government
 • Mayor Jörg Singer (Ind.)
Area
 • Total 1.7 km2 (0.7 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)
 • Total 1,400
 • Density 820/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 27498
Dialling codes 04725
Vehicle registration PI, AG
Website www.helgoland.de
British Administration of Heligoland
Britische Verwaltung von Helgoland  (German)
Colony of the British Empire

1807–1890
 

Flag of Heligoland

Flag

Government Colony
Monarch
 •  1807–1820 (first) George III
 •  1837–1890 (last) Victoria
Lieutenant Governor/Governor
 •  1807–1814 (first) Corbet James d'Auvergne
 •  1888–1890 (last) Arthur Cecil Stuart Barkly
Historical era
 •  Treaty of Kiel 1807
 •  Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty 1890
Today part of  Germany

Heligoland (German: Helgoland; Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun ["the Land"]) is a small German archipelago in the North Sea. The islands were at one time Danish and later British possessions.

The islands (population 1,127) are located in the Heligoland Bight (part of the German Bight) in the southeastern corner of the North Sea. They are the only German islands not in the immediate vicinity of the mainland. They lie approximately 69 kilometres (43 miles) by sea from Cuxhaven at the mouth of the River Elbe. During the period of British possession, the lyrics to "Deutschlandlied", which became the national anthem of Germany, were written on one of the islands by August Heinrich Hoffmann in 1841, while he was vacationing there.

In addition to German, the local population, who are ethnic Frisians, speak the Heligolandic dialect of the North Frisian language called Halunder. Heligoland used to be called Heyligeland, or "holy land", possibly due to the island's long association with the god Forseti.

Heligoland is located 46 kilometres (29 mi) off the German coastline and consists of two islands: the populated triangular 1 km2 (0.4 sq mi) main island (Hauptinsel) to the west, and the Düne ("dune", Heligolandic: de Halem) to the east. "Heligoland" generally refers to the former island. Düne is somewhat smaller at 0.7 km2 (0.27 sq mi), lower, and surrounded by sand beaches. It is not permanently inhabited, but is today the location of Heligoland's airport.


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