Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars

Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
The Hawkesbury and Nepean Rivers
Date Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars 1795–1816 Pemulwuy's War (1795–1802) Nepean War (1814–16) Location Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Result British victory Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans
Belligerents
Kingdom of Great Britain (1795–1800) New South Wales Corps (1795–1800) Burraberongal Tribe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–16) New South Wales Corps (1801–10)	Indigenous Clans: Dharug Nation Eora Nation Tharawal Nation Gandangara Nation Irish-convict sympathisers
Commanders and leaders
George III John Hunter (1795–1800) Philip Gidley King (1800–06) William Bligh (1806–08) Lachlan Macquarie (1810–23) William Paterson (1794–1809) James Wallis (1814–16)	Pemulwuy  † Tedbury  † Yaragowhy † Woglomigh † Obediah Ikins Musquito (POW) John Wilson William Knight
Strength
New South Wales Corps (1795–1810): 550 73rd Regiment of Foot (1810–14): 450 46th Regiment of Foot (1814–16): 600+ Armed settlers: 2,000+ Burreberongal Tribe (1795–1802) 100+ Combined total force: 3,600	Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000 About 10+ armed Irish convicts

British victory

Kingdom of Great Britain (1795–1800)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–16)

Indigenous Clans:

The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1795–1816) were a series of wars between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Indigenous clans of the Hawkesbury and Nepean rivers in New South Wales, Australia. The conflict consisted of Pemulwuy's War (1795–1802) and the Nepean War (1814–16) as well as the interwar violence of the 1804–05 conflict.

The war was extremely complex, as many of the Aboriginal nations occasionally allied themselves to the British in order to conquer more land for their tribes, and just as quickly returned to a state of war against the British. It was fought using mostly guerrilla-warfare tactics; however, several conventional battles also took place. The wars resulted in the defeat of the Hawkesbury and Nepean Indigenous clans who were subsequently dispossessed of their lands.

The Sydney region comprised a variety of nations that were united by a common language. These nations were the Eora who lived along the coast, the Tharawal to the south, the Dharug to the northwest and the Gandagara to the southwest. Within the language groups there were several clans.The Eora people generally comprised three main clans known as the Cadigal, Wanegal, and the Cammeraygal, and several smaller ones. The Dharug people, however, were the largest dialect of the Sydney region and consisted of the Wangal, Kurrajong, Boorooberongal, Cattai, Bidjigal, Gommerigal, Mulgoa, Cannemegal, Bool-bain-ora, Cabrigal, Muringong and the Dural clans. A clan typically numbered between 50–100 people.

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