Hawazin

The Hawazin (Arabic: هوازن‎‎ / ALA-LC: Hawāzin) Is a nomadic Arab tribe or group of tribes based in the Hejaz. They formed part of the larger Qaysi tribal grouping, and were the main Qaysi force that fought the Quraysh and Kinana during the Fijar War in the late 6th century. In the pre-Islamic era, the tribe often clashed with their one-time patrons, the Ghatafan, and on occasion, sub-tribes of the Hawazin fought each other. The tribe had little contact with the Islamic prophet Muhammad until 630 when they were defeated by Muhammad's forces at the Battle of Hunayn. After the battle, Muhammad treated the Hawazin chief Malik ibn 'Awf al-Nasri well, which paid dividends during the Arab tribal insurrections following Muhammad's death in 632. The Hawazin were a large group that included the sub-tribes of Banu Sa'd, Banu Nasr, Banu Jusham, Banu Thaqif and the Banu 'Amir. However, the latter two subtribes were often counted as separate groupings from the rest of Hawazin, though they remained close allies.

The Hawazin were a large Arab tribe or tribal confederation whose progenitor was Hawāzin ibn Manṣūr ibn ʿIkrima ibn Khaṣafa ibn Qays ʿAylān. As such, the tribe formed part of the larger Qays Aylan group (also known simply as "Qays"). In the traditional sources, references to the Hawazin were often restricted to certain descendants of the tribe, known as ʿUjz Hawāzin (the rear of Hawazin); these subtribes were the Banu Sa'd, Banu Nasr and Banu Jusham. The founders of these subtribes were either the sons of Bakr ibn Hawazin or the sons of Mu'awiya ibn Bakr ibn Hawazin. Two other major branches of the Hawazin, the Banu 'Amir ibn Sa'sa' and the Banu Thaqif, were often grouped separately from the other Hawazin subtribes.

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